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Technical Description of OBD-II Trouble Code
Performance Issue in Internal Control Module Engine Air Mass
What is the meaning of this?
This generic powertrain diagnostic trouble code (DTC) is commonly found in many OBD-II vehicles, including those from Ford, Mazda, Chevrolet, Lincoln, etc.
When a code P061D is stored, it indicates that the powertrain control module (PCM) has detected an internal performance error in the engine air mass (mass air flow – MAF) monitoring system. Other controllers may also detect an internal PCM performance error (with the engine RPM monitoring system) and contribute to the storage of a P061D code.
Internal control module monitoring processors are responsible for various controller self-test duties and overall internal control module accountability. The PCM and other related controllers constantly monitor the input and output signals of the engine air mass calculation system through self-tests. The transmission control module (TCM), traction control module (TCSM), and other controllers interact with the engine air mass monitoring system.
The PCM and other controllers monitor engine air mass using input signals from the MAF sensor/s. The desired engine MAF is programmed into the PCM and other controllers. The actual engine air mass is calculated using input data from the MAF sensor, as well as the throttle position sensor (TPS), and other engine and transmission sensors. The PCM then compares the desired and actual engine air mass and makes the necessary adjustments to fuel delivery and ignition timing.
Whenever the ignition is on and the PCM is energized, internal engine RPM monitoring self-tests are initiated. In addition to running internal controller self-tests, the controller area network (CAN) also compares signals from each individual module to ensure that all controllers are functioning properly. These tests are performed simultaneously.
If the PCM detects an internal error in desired engine air mass and actual engine air mass (which exceeds the maximum allowable threshold), a code P061D will be stored and a malfunction indicator lamp (MIL) may be illuminated. Multiple ignition cycles (with a failure) may be required for MIL illumination.
Photo of a PCM with the cover removed:
What is the severity of this DTC?
Internal control module processor codes should be categorized as severe. A stored code P061D could result in serious drivability and fuel efficiency issues, suddenly and without warning.
What are some of the symptoms of the code?
Symptoms of a P061D trouble code may include:
What are some of the common causes of the code?
Causes for this code may include:
What are some P061D troubleshooting steps?
Even for the most experienced and well-equipped professional technician, diagnosing a code P061D can prove to be quite a challenge. There is also the issue of reprogramming. Without the necessary reprogramming equipment, it will be impossible to replace a defective controller and complete a successful repair.
If there are ECM/PCM power supply codes present, they will obviously need to be rectified before attempting to diagnose a P061D. Also, if MAF sensor or throttle position sensor (TPS) codes are present, these must be diagnosed and repaired first.
Follow the manufacturer’s recommendations for testing MAF and TPS sensors. Replace failed components as required.
There are several preliminary tests that can be performed prior to declaring an individual controller defective. A diagnostic scanner, a digital volt/ohmmeter (DVOM), and a source of reliable vehicle information will be required. An oscilloscope may also prove to be helpful.
Connect the scanner to the vehicle diagnostic port and retrieve all stored codes and freeze frame data. You will want to write this information down, just in case the code proves to be an intermittent one. After recording all pertinent information, clear the codes and test drive the vehicle until the code is reset or the PCM enters readiness mode. If the PCM enters readiness mode, the code is intermittent and will be more difficult to diagnose. The condition, which caused the P061D to be stored, may even need to worsen before a diagnosis can be made. If the code is reset, continue with this short list of preliminary tests.
When attempting to diagnose a P061D, information may be your greatest tool. Search your vehicle information source for technical service bulletins (TSB) that parallel the stored code, vehicle (year, make, model, and engine), and symptoms exhibited. If you find the right TSB, it may yield diagnostic information that will aid you significantly.
Use your source of vehicle information to obtain connector face views, connector pin-out charts, component locators, wiring diagrams, and diagnostic flow charts related to the code and vehicle in question.
Use the DVOM to test controller power supply fuses and relays. Test and replace blown fuses as required. Fuses should be tested with the circuit loaded.
If all fuses and relays appear to be functioning as intended, a visual inspection of controller-related wiring and harnesses is in order. You will also want to check chassis and engine ground junctions. Use your vehicle information source to obtain ground locations for related circuits. Use the DVOM to test ground integrity.
Visually inspect system controllers for signs of water, heat, or collision damage. Any controller that is damaged, especially by water, should be considered defective.
If controller power and ground circuits are intact, suspect a defective controller or a controller programming error. Controller replacement will require reprogramming. In some cases, you may purchase reprogrammed controllers through aftermarket sources. Other vehicles/controllers will require on-board reprogramming that may only be done through a dealership or other qualified source.
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While we always recommend seeking mechanical solutions for this issue, if it is not possible, we offer the option to permanently delete this specific DTC. All other codes will continue to function. If you are interested, please upload your ECU file to our portal.
